How many concentrations camps were there in the holocaust

Malak, Henry M. G3 M Draws from diaries kept by the author during his internment to describe life in the camps, including medical experiments, disease, and hard labor. Includes chapter notes, bibliographical references, and index.

Chicago: I. Dee, A96 M [ Find in a library near you ]. Eyewitness account of Auschwitz as told by the author, who worked in the Sonderkommando , a unit of Jewish prisoners assigned to work in the gas chambers and crematoria.

Includes an appendix of plans of the camp and a glossary. We Were in Auschwitz. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers, A96 N45 [ Find in a library near you ]. English translation of one of the earliest accounts of life in Auschwitz, originally published in Polish in Presents a short description of the camp, a glossary of terms used by prisoners in Auschwitz, and 14 stories illuminating various aspects of life in the camps. Includes insights into the evolving nature of camp life, as the three authors each experienced the camp at different times during the war.

Neurath, Paul Martin. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, Describes daily life in camps, types of prisoners, and camp administration, and details the complex social relations between prisoners and guards and among groups of prisoners in the two camps.

Niewyk, Donald, editor. F74 [ Find in a library near you ]. Collection of survivor testimonies recorded by David Boder in that provide first-hand accounts of life in various camps. Includes a glossary of terms and camps, an index, and a bibliography. Novac, Ana. New York: Henry Holt, P7 N [ Find in a library near you ]. Personal journal of a Jewish teenager from Transylvania originally maintained on scraps of paper during her internment in various work and concentration camps, including Auschwitz.

Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account. New York : Fawcett Crest, A96 N [ Find in a library near you ]. Relates the experiences of a Jewish physician who became the personal research pathologist of Dr. Josef Mengele in order to survive. Provides first-hand insight into some of the more macabre aspects of the camp, including medical experiments on prisoners, as well as the ethical dilemmas that faced many of the prisoners, like Dr.

Nyiszli, who had to work with the Nazis in order to survive. Originally published in English in Renouard, Jean-Pierre. G3 R Details his initial internment in Neuengamme, his transfer after two months to Misburg, and his second transfer to Bergen-Belsen where he survived until liberation in April Shelley, Lore, editor.

Compilation of testimonies from twenty-three female prisoners that forms a large narrative covering types of work assignments. Describes administrative and office work, the laundry detail, mending, tailoring, cleaning, and work in a grain warehouse. Vrba, Rudolf. Escape from Auschwitz: I Cannot Forgive.

New York: Grove Press, A96 V73 [ Find in a library near you ]. Provides a detailed account of life in Auschwitz written by a former prisoner who worked in the Kanada complex, processing clothing and goods taken from prisoners who had been sent to the gas chambers. Explore our comprehensive entries on the events, people, and places of the Holocaust.

Learn More. Provides an extensive, searchable listing of camps, organized by type, with a special emphasis on lesser-known subcamps. Also includes survivor interviews, a glossary of camp terminology, and a listing of companies that used concentration camp inmates for slave labor.

A project of JewishGen, a major Jewish genealogy Web site. Overview of different prisoner categories in the camps and their color-coded uniform markings. Includes an image of a classification chart based on badges worn my prisoners. When searching library catalogs or other electronic search tools for materials on life in the concentration camps or related topics, use the following Library of Congress subject headings to retrieve the most relevant citations. Ask a librarian for assistance in using subject headings to help with your research.

See all Bibliographies. The ceremony at the US Capitol, featuring a candle-lighting and names reading, is happening now. Join us right now to watch a live interview with a survivor, followed by a question-and-answer session. Much of the site of the death camp was cleared by forced labor. Today, buildings and ruins remain on the site.

More prisoners came from Hungary than any other country, with people from Poland , and France 69, making up the next largest national groups. Among the total number of children sent to Auschwitz, the exact number who were killed remains unknown.

However, on a single day— October 10, — children were gassed to death. A giant pile of shoes left behind by the camp's victims are preserved by the Auschwitz-Birkenau foundation, whose inventory also comprises 3, suitcases; more than 88 pounds of eyeglasses; striped uniforms; prayer shawls, and more than 12, pots and pans brought to the camp by victims who believed they would eventually be resettled. The hangar of shoes at Auschwitz concentration camp. Among the number of prisoners who attempted to escape, were successful and lived to see the end of the war.

Many of them were helped by local Polish civilians, who hated the SS and the camp. Every prisoner who manages to escape can count on all possible help as soon as he reaches the first Polish homestead.

The two-story barracks were originally designed to hold prisoners. Transit camps were camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps. Following the start of the Second World War , the Nazis occupied a number of countries. Here, they implemented antisemitic and racial policies as they had done in Germany. These policies led to the establishment of a number of transit camps across the different occupied countries.

Prisoners were held in these camps prior to their deportation to other camps, such as Bergen-Belsen or Auschwitz. Overall, the conditions in the transit camps were similar to that of concentration camps — unsanitary and awful. Facilities were poor and overcrowding was common.

Unlike most of the concentration camps within Germany not all of the transit camps were run by the SS. Camps could be run by local collaborators in the countries that they were based, such as Drancy, near Paris in France, which was run by the French Police until The Nazis started using forced labour shortly after their rise to power.

They established specific Arbeitslager labour camps which housed Ostarbeite r eastern workers , Fremdarbeiter foreign workers and other forced labourers who were forcibly rounded up and brought in from the east. These were separate from the SS-run concentration camps, where prisoners were also forced to perform labour. The use of forced labour first began to grow significantly in , as rearmament caused labour shortages.

Following the outbreak of the Second World War, the use of labour again increased sharply. The invasion of the Soviet Union in June further heightened demands on the war economy, and in turn, for labour. At the same time, this invasion brought thousands of potential new workers under Nazi control.

These prisoners were called Ostarbeiter eastern workers and Fremdarbeiter foreign workers. The Nazis deported these people to forced labour camps, where they worked to produce supplies for the increasingly strained war economy or in construction efforts. As in most Nazi camps, conditions in forced labour camps were inadequate. Inmates were only ever seen as temporary, and, in the Nazis view, could always be replaced with others: there was a complete disregard for the health of prisoners.

They were subject to insufficiencies of food, equipment, medicine and clothing, whilst working long hours. There was little or no time for rest or breaks. As a result of these conditions, death rates in labour camps were extremely high. By , more than fourteen million people had been exploited in the network of hundreds of forced labour camps that stretched across the whole of Nazi-occupied Europe.

This drawing by prisoner R. As a result, fewer opponents ended up inside, and by October only 2, prisoners were left in concentration camps. Some observers thought the camps would disappear completely. But Adolf Hitler wanted to keep the camps: he saw the benefits of lawless terror, without courts and judges. And so Hitler supported the creation of a permanent concentration camp system under SS leader Heinrich Himmler.

When war broke out in autumn , after the German invasion of Poland, this SS system included six purpose-built camps holding 21, prisoners. Auschwitz, set up in to crush the Polish resistance, was the first of many new camps. Conditions inside camps, always poor, now became deadly.

Many inmates died from illness and starvation. Many more were executed or died during horrific medical experiments. From , the camps participated in the Holocaust. Most of the six million European Jews murdered by the Nazis died outside concentration camps, shot or gassed on the killing fields of eastern Europe. Still, the single most lethal site of the Holocaust was a concentration camp: Auschwitz.

Here, the SS killed some one million Jews; most were murdered on arrival in gas chambers. In Auschwitz and other concentration camps, prisoner numbers grew fast during the second half of the war. Those regarded as fit for work by the SS Jews and non-Jews alike were used as slave labourers.