Why the advancement in technology

In this lesson, students learn about sources of high-energy radiation and calculate student exposure to ionizing radiation over the past year. Technology influences human existence by bringing new risks as well as improvements to our lives. To try to minimize the likelihood of unwanted side effects of a new technology, humans will employ risk analysis.

You can use the resources found here to help you understand how technology influences human existence by examining the benefits and risks of different biotechnological advances. Today, people are living longer and healthier lives thanks, in large part, to technological advances in the field of medicine. Read about some of the most important innovations in Health Technologies that we may take for granted now. Prepare a five-minute presentation of your topic to give to the class. URBAN HUB takes a look at ten technological advances that are so revolutionary they will continue to shape our lives well into the future.

VR and the future. Alison Powers talks Atlanta. Using fewer resources for bigger change — What makes the world go around? Innovative technology.

And in mobility, building, energy and manufacturing, especially green innovations are changing how people interact with and shape their environment. Electricity Would any new advancements have been possible without the breakthrough of electricity?

Harnessing the power of nature for technical advancement. The laser Discovered in , lasers were so before their time, scientists were not even certain where exactly they could be applied. Lasers transform our lives on every wavelength. Semiconductor chips Many major technical advances became the springboard for countless other new innovations. Semiconductor chip: a technical wonder in the palm of a hand.

Quantum computing The invention of the computer, and especially the personal computer, will continue to shape our lives. Quantum: the next big leap in computing. An innovation designed to inspire radical new building design. Mapping the DNA and paths to new medicine. One possibility comes through volunteer activities. Even if people have limited employment options, many participate in a wide range of public-minded organizations.

They help other people, train the next generation, or provide assistance for the less fortunate in society. A variety of survey evidence demonstrates that young people are particularly interested in volunteerism.

In general, they have different attitudes toward work and leisure time, and many say they want time to pursue outside activities. A number of them value volunteer activities outside of their work experience. They have varied interests and want extra-curricular activities that fulfill them.

This may involve tutoring in after-school programs, helping English as a Second Language pupils, stopping domestic violence, protecting the environment, or encouraging entrepreneurship. In a digital world where there may be less work and more leisure time, it makes sense to think about incentives and work credits for volunteerism.

This could include credits toward social benefits or public rewards that acknowledge community contributions. In the United Kingdom, for example, volunteers get reimbursed for expenses or earn credits for job training programs through participation in worthy causes.

Going forward, the United States should consider those types of incentives. In the future, people are likely to have more time outside of employment so it makes sense to encourage them toward community engagement and give them incentives to volunteer for nonprofit organizations or charitable causes. This will benefit the overall community and give people purposeful activities in which to engage. People will use their leisure time to pursue interests in arts and culture, or special areas that they follow.

This could include reading, poetry, music, or woodworking. Depending on their background, they could have more time for family and friends. A study of family time found that macroeconomic conditions affect how much time people spend together.

To summarize, advanced societies are at a major turning point in terms of how we think about work, leisure, and social benefit delivery.

If these economies need fewer workers to complete needed tasks and benefits are delivered mainly through full-time jobs, there is a danger that many people will have difficulties getting health care, pensions, and the income maintenance they need to sustain their lives. This is of particular concern at a time of large income inequality and highly skewed economic distributions. The contrast between the age of scarcity in which we have lived and the upcoming age of abundance through new technologies means that we need to pay attention to the social contract.

We need to rewrite it in keeping with the dramatic shifts in employment and leisure time that are taking place. People have to understand we are witnessing a fundamental interruption of the current cycle where people are paid for their work and spend their money on goods and services. When a considerable portion of human labor is no longer necessary to run the economy, we have to rethink income generation, employment, and public policy.

Our emerging economic system means we will not need all the workers that we have. New technologies will make these individuals obsolete and unemployable. In this situation, it is important to address the policy and leisure time issues raised by persistent unemployment or underemployment.

There is a danger of disruptions and unrest from large groups of people who are not working. That creates poverty and social dissatisfaction and runs the risk of instability for the society as a whole.

Stability cannot be enforced through a police presence or having wealthy individuals live in gated communities. There needs to be ways for people to live fulfilling lives even if society needs relatively few workers. We need to think about ways to address these issues before we have a permanent underclass of unemployed individuals.

This includes a series of next steps for society. There needs to be continuous learning avenues, opportunities for arts and culture, and mechanisms to supplement incomes and benefits other than through full-time jobs.

Policies that encourage volunteerism and reward those who contribute to worthy causes make sense from the standpoint of society as a whole. Adoption of these steps will help people adapt to the new economic realities. I wish to thank Hillary Schaub for outstanding research assistance on this project. A more extended discussion of these issues can be found in Darrell M. Brookings Institution Policy Report, October, Eitan Wilf. Andrei A.

Kirilenko and Andrew W. Norton, , Darrell M. Click Enter. Login Profile. Es En. Economy Humanities Science Technology. Multimedia OpenMind books Authors. Featured author. David Gelernter. Latest book. Work in the Age of Data. Economy Global Economy. Estimated reading time Time 19 to read. Standardization in telecommunication technology requires a great deal of collaboration and compromise between governments, common carriers, and manufacturers.

It also requires a thorough understanding of the state of the art, as well as insight into the future activities of all participants, not only governments, common carriers, and manufacturers, but also academicians and user representatives. If it is impossible to establish a single standard, compatibility or interoperability between standards should be maintained to make interconnection possible.

The open system interconnection OSI is typical of efforts to ensure interoperability between computers and terminals of different makes and models. One encouraging note is that, despite two world wars and other international conflicts, worldwide standardization activities have continued and even accelerated in recent years.

Standardization is an important area of inter-. Telecommunication systems are subject to a variety of external and internal disturbances. Internal disturbances range from chance and wear-out failures of components to hardware and software design errors not detected by testing. Extensive studies of physical phenomena contributing to component failure have led to better component structure and fabrication techniques. Progress in large-scale integrated circuit technology under strict quality control has drastically reduced electronic device failure.

Progress in redundancy techniques now makes it possible for a system to continue operating even when some of its subsystems fail.

Automatic diagnosis and plug-in repair techniques have reduced the repair time for complex systems remarkably. As hardware becomes more and more reliable, attention has been focused on software reliability. In most cases, software failure is caused by some imperfection that was not detected at the testing or debugging stage.

These imperfections range from simple coding errors to complex mistakes or misconceptions in software design. Although various techniques have been developed to avoid errors in design and coding, making testing and debugging easier and more nearly complete, software is still less reliable than hardware because it is produced predominantly by humans, who make mistakes more often than machines do.

Security has also been addressed through various techniques that provide secure telecommunication services. Although switching centers and computers are protected by various means from unauthorized access, fire, and some natural disasters, telecommunication systems are still vulnerable to theft. For instance, a microwave link can be intercepted by a highly sensitive receiver from a distance of a few kilometers with a low probability of detection, and a satellite link can be intercepted anywhere.

A magnetic disk pack or magnetic tape can be stolen or copied easily. For enhancing security, encryption is an indispensable tool. Various encryption techniques have emerged ranging from such practical methods as the Data Encryption Standard to highly sophisticated public key systems.

Although some of the cryptographic systems would require an enormous amount of computing time to crack, they may not confer perfect protection, given the speed with which supercomputers are changing. Enhancement of liability coverage and backup safeguards is necessary to complement these technological measures.

Information comes to us from diverse sources, even when it is supplied through a single telecommunication network. It has become extremely difficult for users, who are increasingly dependent on information, to know the original source of the information. Therefore, information providers should expend a great deal of care in gathering and handling data to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the information and make certain that users can determine the source.

This goal can be achieved in a number of ways. Full documentation of sources and methods is essential. Only authorized persons should be allowed to enter important data into data bases, to change data, or to process data for use by others, and there must be a record of these people and their activities.

An audit trail must be provided through which one can trace entries into, and changes in, data bases and all steps in processing. Such information should be gathered only for the most compelling reasons, kept only as long as necessary, and guarded diligently against illicit use. These technological advances represent only a few of the recent developments that have had a tremendous impact on telecommunication industries.